Mixing incompatible blood groups leads to blood clumping or agglutination, which is dangerous for individuals. The adult human body comprises of 4 to 6 litres of blood, which is roughly about 7 to 8 percentage of the total body weight. Start studying chapter 6 other blood group systems test 3. Lea and leb are not alleles of a blood group system. It has also been recognized that a potent antia or antib in donor blood of group o may destroy the a or b red cells of a nono recipient. Blood grouping and crossmatching is one of the few important tests that the anaesthesiologist orders during perioperative period.
Basigin bsg, emmprin extracellular matrix metalloprotein inducer, m6 leukocyte activation antigen, and cd147. At present, 33 blood group systems representing over 300 antigens are listed by the international society of blood transfusion. It is a single pass type i glycoprotein, of 269 amino acids predicted with three potential nglycosylation sites. Injecting single dose of rh antibodies antid to mother soon after child birth.
Blood group systems the school of biomedical sciences wiki. Choose from 500 different sets of blood group systems flashcards on quizlet. There are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today, but the ab0 and rh systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. Rh blood group is assigned the prefix 004 each antigen assigned to the rh blood group is given a unique number to complete the six digit number. Describe the major rhesus rh blood group antigens in terms of biochemical structure and. Hematology and blood bank technique module abo blood grouping hematology and blood bank technique 48 notes 7 abo blood grouping 7. D department of biochemistry, university of ilorin, ilorin, nigeria introduction blood is the red viscid fluid filling the heart and blood vessels. What are blood group systems currently there are 345 blood group antigens. System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 021 cromer crom cd55 1q32. Its composition and function the blood in our circulatory system is a watery based fluid and consists of two basic components. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn. Normally, the distribution of abo blood group varies from one population to another. International society of blood transfusion has recently recognized 33 blood group systems. Lewis system overview antigen production the lewis and abo systems clinical significance lewis antibody detection and identification.
The ii blood group system is associated with cold antibodies antibodies that function only at temperatures below normal body heat and several blood diseases. Of these, the abo blood group system is most significant. Class notes i and p blood group systems i blood group system ii antigens. Blood types the blood and tissue center of central texas. Blood group compatibility is one of the most important procedures to correctly transfuse ensuring quality and ensuring patient safety.
Identification of blood group a and b antigens in human. Because two proteins are involved, there are four possible combinations or blood types abo groups. Plasma the plasma is the light yellow liquid portion of the blood and is about 90%. Table of blood group systems international society of. The third edition of the blood group antigen factsbook has been completely revised, updated and expanded to cover all 33 blood group. Learn blood group systems with free interactive flashcards. But think what will happen if everybody feels unwilling to donate blood. There are at least three hypotheses about the emergence and mutation of human blood groups. The blood group antigen factsbook winner of a 20 highly commended bma medical book award for internal medicine has been an essential resource in the hematology, transfusion and immunogenetics fields since its first publication in the late 1990s. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Class notes other blood group systems mns system antigens and their inheritance. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. Lewis, i and p blood group systems authorstream presentation. Group ab can donate to other abs, but can receive from all others. The abo blood group system consists of four antigens a, b, o and ab. This, together with the discovery of other red cell group systems, has completely altered the significance of the term universal donor which is. It consists of a colourless fluid, known as the plasma, in which are suspended the red blood cells or erythrocytes, the white cell or leucocytes, and the platelets. The antigens can be integral proteins where polymorphisms lie in the variation of amino acid sequence e.
There are over 250 blood group antigens which belong to one of the 25 genetically independent blood group systems but only those with the most clinical relevance, abo and rh, will be described in this article. About 45% of the blood consists of cells while the remaining 55% comprises of plasma. Langereis and junior, identified in 2012, and vel, discovered a year later. Human blood groups is a comprehensive and fully referenced text covering both the scientific and clinical aspects of red cell surface antigens, including. The i antigen is found on almost all adults and is part of the precursor component of the oligosaccharide that forms the a, b, and h antigens. Not all blood groups are compatible with each other. The persons blood group doesnt match with any other a, b, o, ab and also bombay blood group or also called as hh blood group. Kell antik alloantibodies can cause hdfn and it is important to avoid transfusing k positive red cells to k negative girls and women of childbearing potential. Polymorphism in the remaining 19 blood group systems is defined by amino acid sequence changes in erythrocyte membrane proteins, which are generated by sequence variation at the dna level largely. Blood typing systems other than abo bloodbook, blood.
Lewis blood group system and secretor swisstransfusion 2012 dr. The antigens m and n are codominant alleles that are closely linked to the s and s antigens, which are also codominant. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. In many other studies, blood group o has been found. Antibodies can also be formed in response to different blood groups. Some of the blood groupactive proteins in the red cell membrane are shown in figure 1. Blood types a blood group or blood type is based on the presence or absence of two proteins a, b on the surface of red blood cells. Blood group or blood type is a term used to clasify blood based on the presence or absence of a specific antigen on red blood cells surface. The genes of these blood group systems are autosomal, except xg and xk which are xborne, and mic2 which is present on both x and y chromosomes.
The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them. Standard 7 blood and blood products standard 10 preventing falls and harm from falls standard 1 governance for safety and quality in health service organisations standard 2 partnering with consumers standard 4. The abo blood group antigens are one of the most important issues in transfusion. These antigens are known as oligosaccharide antigens, and widely expressed on the membranes of red cell and tissue cells as well as, in the saliva and body fluid. Chapter 6 other blood group systems test 3 flashcards. Mns p familial blood group system found in few families kell. If you have questions about paternity testing or about blood group inheritance, your primary care physician should be able to provide you with an appropriate referral. Ii blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of antigens i and i on the surface of red blood cells. System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 001 abo abo abo 9q34. Carbohydrate histoblood groups in man include the ab0, h, i, lewis, p 1 p k, and glob systems in which glycoproteins and glycolipids carry immunodominant terminal sugars, defining polymorphic antigens ag.
Objective after reading this lesson, you will be able to. Whether your blood group is type a, b, ab or o is based on the blood types of your mother and father. Other blood group systems mns system antigens and their inheritance. But if everybody thinks that way, then doctors may be unable to save so many human lives. Blood is a combination of red and white blood cells and platelets in a watery liquid form known as plasma. These antigens are inherited by a complex pattern similar to the rh system. Co is a repository of information created by your industry peers and experienced seniors sharing their experience and insights. Every blood group system has gene or genes differ than the other systems. Biological and clinical aspects of abo blood group system. According to the international society of blood transfusion, there are about 30 human blood group systems recognized so far. Blood group antigens in gpa maria podbielska and hubert krotkiewski department of immunochemistry, ludwik hirszfeld institute of immunology and experimental therapy, polish academy of sciences, weigla 12, 53114 wroclaw, poland abstract.
The inra blood group, as it is being called gets its acronym from in referring to india, while ra refers to the initials of the person name with the blood group. Lewis blood group system and secretor swisstransfusion. Introduction to the rhesus blood group university of utah. Collections a blood group system consists of one or more antigens, controlled by a single gene kell or by two rh or three mns very closely linked homologous genes. Human blood groups, 3rd edition daniels wiley online. Standard 3 healthcare associated infections standard 8. Alloantibodies to the kidd jk system are an important cause of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions see chapter 5. New blood group antibodies can be made in response to substances in nature that have similar structures to blood groups but are more likely to occur during pregnancy and or from exposure to blood through transfusions. There is no other redeeming act than to save a human life. The evolution of human blood groups, without doubt, has a history as old as man himself.
Advances in research technologies in the past few years have made it possible to identify three new blood group systems. People may feel afraid or selfish when it comes to donating blood. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. Characterisation of rh and other blood group systems. The antigen for the ok blood group system is known by several names. People who have never donated blood may themselves require blood at some point of their life.
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